AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE IN ONTARIO
The Insurance Contract
Once you know what coverage you want, an insurance contract is established
between you and your insurance company. The terms of this contract are approved by
your provincial government acting through the Superintendent of Insurance, who
monitors the actions of insurance companies to protect your interests.
Your insurer is obliged to pay your insured losses. However, you, too, have certain
obligations. Coverage may be denied if you don’t fulfill you part of the contract. For
example, if you should be found legally liable for a collision causing serious injury or
death to another person while your license was suspended, your insurer will pay that
claim up to minimum policy limits but you will have to reimburse your insurer for what it
paid out. (The intention here is that an innocent third party not suffer because of your
actions which invalidated your coverage. This is known as "“absolute liability"”. In such
circumstances, any damage to your own vehicle would not be covered by the policy.
Insurance companies operating in Canada are generally well managed and they’re
closely monitored by regulators. Bankruptcies are rare. Nevertheless, everyone
insured by a private insurance company in Canada is protected by a special fund
administered by the Property and Casualty Insurance Compensation Corporation. It is
financed by the general insurance industry to protect policy holders. In the unlikely
event that your car insurance company were to become insolvent, this special fund
would ensure that all pending claims were paid, up to a ceiling of $250,000 or the limit
of the policy, whichever is lower. PACICC will also refund 70% of the unearned
(unexpired) portion of your premium (maximum payout $700 per policy) applicable from
the date of the insurer’s collapse.
In Canada, every licensed driver has access to insurance. If he or she is considered
to be a high-risk driver, insurance may cost considerably more than for an average
driver, but it is available…. At least to the extent of minimum required limits. Where
basic insurance is provided by private insurers, an organization called FACILITY
ASSOCIATION enables all licensed drivers who require insurance to obtain it.
What are my obligations under my car insurance policy?
If you don’t have a copy of your car insurance policy, ask for one. The policy states
what the insurer will do for you should you suffer a loss and it also states your
obligations under the contract. It is your responsibility to familiarize yourself with your
policy. If you have any questions about it, it’s best to ask your broker for explanations
before you suffer any loss. Then you will have no surprises if you do have to make a
claim.
You are expected to be completely honest in providing information on your
application for car insurance. Failure to do so could void your insurance.
What car insurance coverages are available?
The financial protection offered through car insurance covers many areas:
1) It protects you against claims if you are responsible for a collision causing injury
or death to another person. Similarly, you are protected in the event that you damage
someone else’s car or property (Third Party Liability).
2) It can protect you, your family and your passengers against financial losses
caused by injury in an automobile collision and it can provide financial compensation
for dependants in the event that the injury causes your death. (Accident Benefits)
3) It can protect you in case you or your passengers are injured by an identified at-
fault uninsured motorist where there is no fund to compensate victims of such incidents
. (Uninsured Automobile).
4) It can also protect you against the cost of damage to your car from collision or
other causes. (Collision, Comprehensive, All Risks or Specified Perils).
Your insurance broker can advise you on the best protection for your personal needs
at a fair price. Also, when purchasing a new car, it is advisable to investigate the cost
of insurance in advance. You will probably find that the cost varies according to the
type of vehicle, and this may have a bearing on your purchase decision.
Are Basic compulsory coverages enough?
The short answer to this question is, “No, probably not.” For example, if you were
held responsible for a collision causing serious injuries to others, the $200,000 Third
Party Liability will not go very far if you were to be sued (in one of the many jurisdictions
in North America where this is allowed). If that is all the insurance you carry, you will be
responsible for any damages awarded over that amount.
In Ontario, you are not required to insure damage to your own vehicle. Are you
prepared to pay for all such damage yourself? Suppose you roll you car or it slides off
an icy road into a ditch? What if your car catches fire, is dented by hail, or is stolen?
Car insurance coverages and policy conditions are legislated by the Ontario
government. However, there are numerous choices of limits, deductibles and optional
coverages available so coverage can vary between individual persons. Although there
are differences in rules and coverages among provinces, the basic principles remain
the same. There are also agreements between governments which can affect your
coverage.
If Car Insurance policies within Ontario provide the same coverage, why do all
insurance companies not charge the same premiums?
The simple answer is “competition. “Insurers differ in structure, size, corporate
philosophy and the customer base that they target. Some may have developed special
skills and efficiencies that other do not have; some may give higher standards of
service than others; each is unique and so pricing can vary substantially. While it pays
to compare prices, it’s a good idea to compare service too.
Where does my car insurance apply?
You must purchase your car insurance in your province of residence within a legally
specified period of time after moving there. It is valid only while the vehicle is being
used in Canada and the USA. Canadian car insurance policies do not provide
coverage in Mexico; coverage must be arranged at the point of entry.
What will my insurance company pay for if I damage someone else’s property?
In Ontario, regardless of fault in an accident, each party would claim from their own
insurers for damage to their vehicles. Your insurance company will pay for repairs to
any other property damaged by your vehicle, such as fences, poles, guardrails, trees
or buildings.
What is covered by Accident Benefits?
Medical: Reimbursement for the cost of medical treatment not covered by any
medical, surgical, dental or hospital plan or law and various rehabilitation costs.
In Ontario it pays up to $100,000 to cover medical and rehabilitation expenses and up
to $72,000 for attendant care expenses. If you are seriously injured (catastrophic),
pays up to $2,000,000 for all medical, rehabilitation and attendant care expenses.
Funeral: Payment towards funeral expenses of those killed in a car crash. In Ontario
it pays $6,000.
Disability income: A weekly reimbursement based on various factors such as the
injured person’s employment status or net wages before the crash and degree of
disability. Basic accident benefits provided under the Ontario plan is $400/wk or 80%
of your net salary, whichever is less.
Death: A payment following the death of an insured person; in Ontario the basic
amount is $25,000 to a surviving spouse and $10,000 to each surviving dependant.
If my economic loss exceeds the no-fault accident benefits of my policy, can I sue to
person responsible for the accident?
In Ontario, your ability to sue for Loss of Income is subject to conditions: you can sue
for medical, rehabilitation and related costs only when injury is very serious
(catastrophic, as defined by law).
Can I sue for pain and suffering caused by an at-fault motorist?
Ontario allows suits only if the injured person “dies, or sustains permanent serious
disfigurement and/or impairment of important physical, mental or psychological
function” (the court assesses damages and a deductible applies).
What coverage is available to me under an automobile insurance policy if I am
injured as a pedestrian?
If you or a member of your family is injured by another motorist while you are a
pedestrian, you are covered by the Accident Benefits section of your own automobile
insurance policy. If your expenses exceed the limits under your Accident Benefits
coverage or a death occurs, you can also sue the responsible motorist if you meet the
conditions under which they are permitted.
What happens if I injure a pedestrian or cyclist with my car?
In Ontario, he or she will claim under the Accident Benefits section of his or her own
policy; however if the pedestrian or cyclist does not have car insurance, he or she may
claim under the Accident Benefits section of your policy.
When a motorist injures a pedestrian, the motorist is presumed responsible, unless he
or she can prove otherwise.
What coverage is available to pay for damage to my vehicle?
Coverage for damage to your own vehicle is optional. A number of different
coverages or combinations are available. If you choose to All Perils coverage, that is
all you need. Another possibility is to choose Collision or Upset and Comprehensive.
This would give you quite broad coverage including glass breakage. For older
vehicles, however, you may wish to drop collision coverage, particularly if relatively
minor damage would cost more to repair than the vehicle is worth.
Collision or upset: covers loss or damage caused by collision with another object or
by upset (usually rollover).
Specified perils: covers loss or damage caused by fire, lightning, theft or attempted
theft, windstorm, earthquake, hail, explosion, riot or civil commotion, falling or forced
landing of aircraft or falling aircraft parts, rising water, or by the stranding, sinking,
burning, derailment or collision of any boat, railcar, truck or other conveyance that is
transporting the vehicle.
Comprehensive: covers loss or damage from any peril other than by what is covered
as “collision”. Some losses are excluded, however, examples include theft by a
member or the household, damage arising from mechanical failure or corrosion, and
the loss or theft of audio tapes or compact disks not actually in the player.
All perils: covers all types of losses except those that are specifically excluded. This
is the broadest coverage available.
What will my insurance pay for if my car is damaged in a collision?
If you have collision coverage, your insurance company will pay for the repair or
replacement of your car, or pay you the actual cash value of your car in the condition it
was immediately before it was damaged. Of course, you will be responsible for the
deductible.
If your vehicle can be repaired, your insurer is responsible only to pay to fix the
damage. If your vehicle is made significantly better, you must contribute. For example:
if a rusty door panel that had been dented in a collision were to be replaced with one
that is not rusty, you may be expected to contribute financially towards the “betterment”
of you vehicle
If the estimated repair cost, plus the salvage value of the damaged vehicle, exceeds
the cash value of the vehicle before it was damaged, the insurer may decide to treat
the vehicle as a write-off instead of paying to repair it. It will pay you the pre-accident
value of the car (usually less the deductible) and take possession of the wreck.
When your insurer settles your claim on the basis of repairing, rebuilding or replacing
your damaged vehicle, the bottom line is that you should end up with a car that is as
good as yours was before it was damaged.
Repairers sometimes use reconditioned or used parts. The parts must be of the
same kind and quality as the originals and must not adversely affect the operation of
the vehicle
When your car is being repaired, you may wish to get additional work completed
which is not directly related to the collision damage. This is permissible, but the extra
work has to be at your own expense.
Waiver of depreciation: When a new car is driven from the dealership for the first
time, the market value begins to drop immediately. However, you can buy insurance
coverage for your new vehicle which, for a limited time, will compensate you for insured
losses as if the car was brand new. This feature can be particularly useful when a
relatively new car is badly damaged or stolen.
Does a deductible always apply?
The collision deductible applies to any claim for damage to your own vehicle that you
make on your policy, if the collision is your fault, or in the case of a “hit and run”.
What happens if my vehicle is damaged in a crash but I don’t have collision
coverage?
If the collision was the other driver’s fault, you would claim from your own insurer under
the Direct Compensation portion of your policy. No deductible applies, unless you
chose a deductible at the time you purchased your policy. If the accident was your
fault, you would be personally responsible for your damages. In Ontario, motorists who
do not carry car insurance cannot sue another motorist to claim for reimbursement for
damage to their cars.
How important is responsibility or fault in a car crash?
Owners of cars with drivers who are at fault (or partially at fault) in a crash often must
pay higher insurance premiums if the policy is renewed. However, the insurance
company may be unwilling to renew the policy if there are Criminal Code convictions
and/or frequent at-fault claims. In Ontario, insurers must file with the government
regulator a list of conditions under which they will not renew a policy; this doesn’t give
them much room to make allowances for special circumstances.
How does the type of car I drive affect the cost of my insurance?
The type of car you drive generally does not affect the premium you pay for Third Party
Liability insurance. It does, however, affect the cost of coverage for physical damage
to your car. Insurance companies rate vehicles according to their safety record and
cost to repair or replace them. Collision, Comprehensive and Direct Compensation
insurance premiums vary according to these ratings.
The Canadian Loss Experience Automobile Rating (CLEAR) system rewards car
owners with lower premiums for buying vehicles that experience fewer and smaller
losses. For example, some vehicles may be more susceptible to theft than others;
some may be better designed and less easily damaged; some are less expensive to
repair; some protect their occupants better than others.
What other factors affect the cost of my car insurance?
Car insurance premiums vary according to the likelihood of your being involved in a
collision or having our vehicle stolen. Factors such as geography, climate, and traffic
congestion affect the frequency and cost of claims. And it’s the cost of claims, more
than anything else, that determines your premium.
Insurance companies consider a number of aspects when determining an individual’s
premium. The key ones are: type and age of vehicle; whether you use your car for
pleasure or business; where you drive; how far you drive; your driving record; your
insurance claims record; and other drivers in your household who use your vehicle. In
some provinces, your age, gender and marital status may also affect your premiums.
Does my automobile insurance policy provide any coverage when I drive
someone else’s car?
Under certain circumstances, yes. A Temporary Substitute Automobile is one that you
are using while your vehicle is being repaired or serviced (or when your car has been
stolen).
The policy of the owner of the vehicle you are driving is primary (that is, it’s the first in
line to respond to claims). Your policy would be called upon to pay only if the other
vehicle did not have insurance or if the limits were insufficient to pay a judgment.
There is no coverage for damage to the vehicle itself, unless it can be proven that you
were legally responsible for the damage.
It is important not to remove insurance coverage from a vehicle that has been
destroyed or stolen before it has been replaced by another vehicle. By doing so, you
would be eliminating the benefit provided for the temporary substitute vehicle that you
may be operating at the time.
Coverage also applies to private passenger vehicles other than those described in the
insurance policy when driven by you or your spouse. Your policy will cover Third Party
Liability, Accident Benefits, Uninsured Automobile and Direct Compensation – Property
Damage.
Examples of when this coverage might be triggered if you are in a collision are:
- you are driving a rental car on vacation;
- you are driving a friend’s car at his or her invitation;
- you have borrowed a visitor’s car for a trip to the store.
Does my automobile insurance policy cover any drivers other than myself?
Yes. It covers any person who is qualified to drive and who operates the vehicle with
your permission against liability imposed by law. The Accident Benefits coverage
applies to any person while an occupant of your vehicle or temporary substitute
vehicle. It also covers you, your spouse and any dependent relative of either while
they are an occupant of any other private passenger vehicle.
Are there any other coverages I can buy with my automobile insurance?
A number of other options are available which tailor your policy to your particular
needs. You should discuss your insurance needs with your broker, agent or company
representative to obtain a more complete explanation of what is available and to ensure
that you are adequately protected. Some of the more commonly purchased optional
coverages (know as endorsements or change forms) are:
- LOSS OF USE (also known as coverage for Transportation Replacement). This
coverage reimburses you for expenses incurred due to a loss of use from an insured
peril in procuring alternate transportation while your vehicle is laid up as a result of an
insured peril.
- FAMILY PROTECTION ENDORSEMENT When a third party is at fault for a
crash in which you or family members are injured there is always the possibility that the
third party could be uninsured or have a low limit of liability. It is possible to purchase
an endorsement to increase that limit to the same liability limit that you have on your
own policy. When you cannot fully recover your damages for bodily injury, this
endorsement covers the difference between the value of your claim and the third party’
s limit of liability insurance, subject to your own Third Party Liability limit. This coverage
applies only to you, your spouse and any dependent relatives of either.
How do I make a claim?
Contact your broker, agent or company representative as soon as possible to advise
that you’ve incurred a loss. In cases of injury in a car crash, theft or break-in, or where
the property damage exceeds an amount prescribed by law, the police must be told
promptly as well.
If you are involved in a collision, you are responsible for protecting your vehicle from
further loss or damage. The insurer, however, will pay for this if you have purchased
Collision or All Perils coverage.
You must not order repairs, other than those needed for protection of the vehicle from
further loss or damage, until the insurer has consented or has had a reasonable time
to inspect the damage.
You cannot simply abandon a wrecked vehicle to the insurer without the insurer’s
consent. However, when your insurer has replaced or paid for a wrecked vehicle, the
wreck or whatever is left of it (salvage) belongs to the insurer.
You must not voluntarily assume liability (responsibility) for any accident or settle any
claim, except at your own cost.
Once your insurance company has been advised, a claims specialist – an “adjuster” –
will be assigned to look after your claim. The amount you receive for your claim will
depend on the type of coverage you bought.
What is the role of the claims adjuster?
The adjuster’s job is to determine the facts relating to the claim and the extent to which
the claim is covered by insurance. The adjuster also attempts to reach an agreement
with the other people involved regarding the amount of their loss and extent of their
responsibility. Your insurance company pays for the adjuster.
How long after an incident can I make a claim?
You must notify your insurer as soon as possible (some policies specify seven days)
about any incident involving the automobile
- that must, by law, be reported to police, or
- for which you intend to make a claim under the policy.
Most policies state that a written declaration (“proof of loss”) must be made within 90
days of the incident.
If you don’t make your claim within this time, you insurance company may not be legally
bound to honor your claim. In practice, however, most companies will honor a claim
made within one year if there is a reasonable explanation of the delay.
How are claims settled?
Claims are generally resolved in a friendly fashion through negotiation. In the unlikely
event that you intend to sue your insurer, check your contract for any time limits that
may apply.
The automobile insurance policy is a legal contract between you and your insurance
company. As with any contract, the courts have the final decision in any disagreement
between you and your company, or in any dispute between you and another person
involved in the same incident. In such cases, the court decides who is responsible and
may also decide the extent of damages to be paid. Some disputes can be resolved by
arbitration. In some jurisdictions, an ombudsman employed by the insurer or by the
insurance regulator may be able to help.
The Insurance Contract
Once you know what coverage you want, an insurance contract is established
between you and your insurance company. The terms of this contract are approved by
your provincial government acting through the Superintendent of Insurance, who
monitors the actions of insurance companies to protect your interests.
Your insurer is obliged to pay your insured losses. However, you, too, have certain
obligations. Coverage may be denied if you don’t fulfill you part of the contract. For
example, if you should be found legally liable for a collision causing serious injury or
death to another person while your license was suspended, your insurer will pay that
claim up to minimum policy limits but you will have to reimburse your insurer for what it
paid out. (The intention here is that an innocent third party not suffer because of your
actions which invalidated your coverage. This is known as "“absolute liability"”. In such
circumstances, any damage to your own vehicle would not be covered by the policy.
Insurance companies operating in Canada are generally well managed and they’re
closely monitored by regulators. Bankruptcies are rare. Nevertheless, everyone
insured by a private insurance company in Canada is protected by a special fund
administered by the Property and Casualty Insurance Compensation Corporation. It is
financed by the general insurance industry to protect policy holders. In the unlikely
event that your car insurance company were to become insolvent, this special fund
would ensure that all pending claims were paid, up to a ceiling of $250,000 or the limit
of the policy, whichever is lower. PACICC will also refund 70% of the unearned
(unexpired) portion of your premium (maximum payout $700 per policy) applicable from
the date of the insurer’s collapse.
In Canada, every licensed driver has access to insurance. If he or she is considered
to be a high-risk driver, insurance may cost considerably more than for an average
driver, but it is available…. At least to the extent of minimum required limits. Where
basic insurance is provided by private insurers, an organization called FACILITY
ASSOCIATION enables all licensed drivers who require insurance to obtain it.
What are my obligations under my car insurance policy?
If you don’t have a copy of your car insurance policy, ask for one. The policy states
what the insurer will do for you should you suffer a loss and it also states your
obligations under the contract. It is your responsibility to familiarize yourself with your
policy. If you have any questions about it, it’s best to ask your broker for explanations
before you suffer any loss. Then you will have no surprises if you do have to make a
claim.
You are expected to be completely honest in providing information on your
application for car insurance. Failure to do so could void your insurance.
What car insurance coverages are available?
The financial protection offered through car insurance covers many areas:
1) It protects you against claims if you are responsible for a collision causing injury
or death to another person. Similarly, you are protected in the event that you damage
someone else’s car or property (Third Party Liability).
2) It can protect you, your family and your passengers against financial losses
caused by injury in an automobile collision and it can provide financial compensation
for dependants in the event that the injury causes your death. (Accident Benefits)
3) It can protect you in case you or your passengers are injured by an identified at-
fault uninsured motorist where there is no fund to compensate victims of such incidents
. (Uninsured Automobile).
4) It can also protect you against the cost of damage to your car from collision or
other causes. (Collision, Comprehensive, All Risks or Specified Perils).
Your insurance broker can advise you on the best protection for your personal needs
at a fair price. Also, when purchasing a new car, it is advisable to investigate the cost
of insurance in advance. You will probably find that the cost varies according to the
type of vehicle, and this may have a bearing on your purchase decision.
Are Basic compulsory coverages enough?
The short answer to this question is, “No, probably not.” For example, if you were
held responsible for a collision causing serious injuries to others, the $200,000 Third
Party Liability will not go very far if you were to be sued (in one of the many jurisdictions
in North America where this is allowed). If that is all the insurance you carry, you will be
responsible for any damages awarded over that amount.
In Ontario, you are not required to insure damage to your own vehicle. Are you
prepared to pay for all such damage yourself? Suppose you roll you car or it slides off
an icy road into a ditch? What if your car catches fire, is dented by hail, or is stolen?
Car insurance coverages and policy conditions are legislated by the Ontario
government. However, there are numerous choices of limits, deductibles and optional
coverages available so coverage can vary between individual persons. Although there
are differences in rules and coverages among provinces, the basic principles remain
the same. There are also agreements between governments which can affect your
coverage.
If Car Insurance policies within Ontario provide the same coverage, why do all
insurance companies not charge the same premiums?
The simple answer is “competition. “Insurers differ in structure, size, corporate
philosophy and the customer base that they target. Some may have developed special
skills and efficiencies that other do not have; some may give higher standards of
service than others; each is unique and so pricing can vary substantially. While it pays
to compare prices, it’s a good idea to compare service too.
Where does my car insurance apply?
You must purchase your car insurance in your province of residence within a legally
specified period of time after moving there. It is valid only while the vehicle is being
used in Canada and the USA. Canadian car insurance policies do not provide
coverage in Mexico; coverage must be arranged at the point of entry.
What will my insurance company pay for if I damage someone else’s property?
In Ontario, regardless of fault in an accident, each party would claim from their own
insurers for damage to their vehicles. Your insurance company will pay for repairs to
any other property damaged by your vehicle, such as fences, poles, guardrails, trees
or buildings.
What is covered by Accident Benefits?
Medical: Reimbursement for the cost of medical treatment not covered by any
medical, surgical, dental or hospital plan or law and various rehabilitation costs.
In Ontario it pays up to $100,000 to cover medical and rehabilitation expenses and up
to $72,000 for attendant care expenses. If you are seriously injured (catastrophic),
pays up to $2,000,000 for all medical, rehabilitation and attendant care expenses.
Funeral: Payment towards funeral expenses of those killed in a car crash. In Ontario
it pays $6,000.
Disability income: A weekly reimbursement based on various factors such as the
injured person’s employment status or net wages before the crash and degree of
disability. Basic accident benefits provided under the Ontario plan is $400/wk or 80%
of your net salary, whichever is less.
Death: A payment following the death of an insured person; in Ontario the basic
amount is $25,000 to a surviving spouse and $10,000 to each surviving dependant.
If my economic loss exceeds the no-fault accident benefits of my policy, can I sue to
person responsible for the accident?
In Ontario, your ability to sue for Loss of Income is subject to conditions: you can sue
for medical, rehabilitation and related costs only when injury is very serious
(catastrophic, as defined by law).
Can I sue for pain and suffering caused by an at-fault motorist?
Ontario allows suits only if the injured person “dies, or sustains permanent serious
disfigurement and/or impairment of important physical, mental or psychological
function” (the court assesses damages and a deductible applies).
What coverage is available to me under an automobile insurance policy if I am
injured as a pedestrian?
If you or a member of your family is injured by another motorist while you are a
pedestrian, you are covered by the Accident Benefits section of your own automobile
insurance policy. If your expenses exceed the limits under your Accident Benefits
coverage or a death occurs, you can also sue the responsible motorist if you meet the
conditions under which they are permitted.
What happens if I injure a pedestrian or cyclist with my car?
In Ontario, he or she will claim under the Accident Benefits section of his or her own
policy; however if the pedestrian or cyclist does not have car insurance, he or she may
claim under the Accident Benefits section of your policy.
When a motorist injures a pedestrian, the motorist is presumed responsible, unless he
or she can prove otherwise.
What coverage is available to pay for damage to my vehicle?
Coverage for damage to your own vehicle is optional. A number of different
coverages or combinations are available. If you choose to All Perils coverage, that is
all you need. Another possibility is to choose Collision or Upset and Comprehensive.
This would give you quite broad coverage including glass breakage. For older
vehicles, however, you may wish to drop collision coverage, particularly if relatively
minor damage would cost more to repair than the vehicle is worth.
Collision or upset: covers loss or damage caused by collision with another object or
by upset (usually rollover).
Specified perils: covers loss or damage caused by fire, lightning, theft or attempted
theft, windstorm, earthquake, hail, explosion, riot or civil commotion, falling or forced
landing of aircraft or falling aircraft parts, rising water, or by the stranding, sinking,
burning, derailment or collision of any boat, railcar, truck or other conveyance that is
transporting the vehicle.
Comprehensive: covers loss or damage from any peril other than by what is covered
as “collision”. Some losses are excluded, however, examples include theft by a
member or the household, damage arising from mechanical failure or corrosion, and
the loss or theft of audio tapes or compact disks not actually in the player.
All perils: covers all types of losses except those that are specifically excluded. This
is the broadest coverage available.
What will my insurance pay for if my car is damaged in a collision?
If you have collision coverage, your insurance company will pay for the repair or
replacement of your car, or pay you the actual cash value of your car in the condition it
was immediately before it was damaged. Of course, you will be responsible for the
deductible.
If your vehicle can be repaired, your insurer is responsible only to pay to fix the
damage. If your vehicle is made significantly better, you must contribute. For example:
if a rusty door panel that had been dented in a collision were to be replaced with one
that is not rusty, you may be expected to contribute financially towards the “betterment”
of you vehicle
If the estimated repair cost, plus the salvage value of the damaged vehicle, exceeds
the cash value of the vehicle before it was damaged, the insurer may decide to treat
the vehicle as a write-off instead of paying to repair it. It will pay you the pre-accident
value of the car (usually less the deductible) and take possession of the wreck.
When your insurer settles your claim on the basis of repairing, rebuilding or replacing
your damaged vehicle, the bottom line is that you should end up with a car that is as
good as yours was before it was damaged.
Repairers sometimes use reconditioned or used parts. The parts must be of the
same kind and quality as the originals and must not adversely affect the operation of
the vehicle
When your car is being repaired, you may wish to get additional work completed
which is not directly related to the collision damage. This is permissible, but the extra
work has to be at your own expense.
Waiver of depreciation: When a new car is driven from the dealership for the first
time, the market value begins to drop immediately. However, you can buy insurance
coverage for your new vehicle which, for a limited time, will compensate you for insured
losses as if the car was brand new. This feature can be particularly useful when a
relatively new car is badly damaged or stolen.
Does a deductible always apply?
The collision deductible applies to any claim for damage to your own vehicle that you
make on your policy, if the collision is your fault, or in the case of a “hit and run”.
What happens if my vehicle is damaged in a crash but I don’t have collision
coverage?
If the collision was the other driver’s fault, you would claim from your own insurer under
the Direct Compensation portion of your policy. No deductible applies, unless you
chose a deductible at the time you purchased your policy. If the accident was your
fault, you would be personally responsible for your damages. In Ontario, motorists who
do not carry car insurance cannot sue another motorist to claim for reimbursement for
damage to their cars.
How important is responsibility or fault in a car crash?
Owners of cars with drivers who are at fault (or partially at fault) in a crash often must
pay higher insurance premiums if the policy is renewed. However, the insurance
company may be unwilling to renew the policy if there are Criminal Code convictions
and/or frequent at-fault claims. In Ontario, insurers must file with the government
regulator a list of conditions under which they will not renew a policy; this doesn’t give
them much room to make allowances for special circumstances.
How does the type of car I drive affect the cost of my insurance?
The type of car you drive generally does not affect the premium you pay for Third Party
Liability insurance. It does, however, affect the cost of coverage for physical damage
to your car. Insurance companies rate vehicles according to their safety record and
cost to repair or replace them. Collision, Comprehensive and Direct Compensation
insurance premiums vary according to these ratings.
The Canadian Loss Experience Automobile Rating (CLEAR) system rewards car
owners with lower premiums for buying vehicles that experience fewer and smaller
losses. For example, some vehicles may be more susceptible to theft than others;
some may be better designed and less easily damaged; some are less expensive to
repair; some protect their occupants better than others.
What other factors affect the cost of my car insurance?
Car insurance premiums vary according to the likelihood of your being involved in a
collision or having our vehicle stolen. Factors such as geography, climate, and traffic
congestion affect the frequency and cost of claims. And it’s the cost of claims, more
than anything else, that determines your premium.
Insurance companies consider a number of aspects when determining an individual’s
premium. The key ones are: type and age of vehicle; whether you use your car for
pleasure or business; where you drive; how far you drive; your driving record; your
insurance claims record; and other drivers in your household who use your vehicle. In
some provinces, your age, gender and marital status may also affect your premiums.
Does my automobile insurance policy provide any coverage when I drive
someone else’s car?
Under certain circumstances, yes. A Temporary Substitute Automobile is one that you
are using while your vehicle is being repaired or serviced (or when your car has been
stolen).
The policy of the owner of the vehicle you are driving is primary (that is, it’s the first in
line to respond to claims). Your policy would be called upon to pay only if the other
vehicle did not have insurance or if the limits were insufficient to pay a judgment.
There is no coverage for damage to the vehicle itself, unless it can be proven that you
were legally responsible for the damage.
It is important not to remove insurance coverage from a vehicle that has been
destroyed or stolen before it has been replaced by another vehicle. By doing so, you
would be eliminating the benefit provided for the temporary substitute vehicle that you
may be operating at the time.
Coverage also applies to private passenger vehicles other than those described in the
insurance policy when driven by you or your spouse. Your policy will cover Third Party
Liability, Accident Benefits, Uninsured Automobile and Direct Compensation – Property
Damage.
Examples of when this coverage might be triggered if you are in a collision are:
- you are driving a rental car on vacation;
- you are driving a friend’s car at his or her invitation;
- you have borrowed a visitor’s car for a trip to the store.
Does my automobile insurance policy cover any drivers other than myself?
Yes. It covers any person who is qualified to drive and who operates the vehicle with
your permission against liability imposed by law. The Accident Benefits coverage
applies to any person while an occupant of your vehicle or temporary substitute
vehicle. It also covers you, your spouse and any dependent relative of either while
they are an occupant of any other private passenger vehicle.
Are there any other coverages I can buy with my automobile insurance?
A number of other options are available which tailor your policy to your particular
needs. You should discuss your insurance needs with your broker, agent or company
representative to obtain a more complete explanation of what is available and to ensure
that you are adequately protected. Some of the more commonly purchased optional
coverages (know as endorsements or change forms) are:
- LOSS OF USE (also known as coverage for Transportation Replacement). This
coverage reimburses you for expenses incurred due to a loss of use from an insured
peril in procuring alternate transportation while your vehicle is laid up as a result of an
insured peril.
- FAMILY PROTECTION ENDORSEMENT When a third party is at fault for a
crash in which you or family members are injured there is always the possibility that the
third party could be uninsured or have a low limit of liability. It is possible to purchase
an endorsement to increase that limit to the same liability limit that you have on your
own policy. When you cannot fully recover your damages for bodily injury, this
endorsement covers the difference between the value of your claim and the third party’
s limit of liability insurance, subject to your own Third Party Liability limit. This coverage
applies only to you, your spouse and any dependent relatives of either.
How do I make a claim?
Contact your broker, agent or company representative as soon as possible to advise
that you’ve incurred a loss. In cases of injury in a car crash, theft or break-in, or where
the property damage exceeds an amount prescribed by law, the police must be told
promptly as well.
If you are involved in a collision, you are responsible for protecting your vehicle from
further loss or damage. The insurer, however, will pay for this if you have purchased
Collision or All Perils coverage.
You must not order repairs, other than those needed for protection of the vehicle from
further loss or damage, until the insurer has consented or has had a reasonable time
to inspect the damage.
You cannot simply abandon a wrecked vehicle to the insurer without the insurer’s
consent. However, when your insurer has replaced or paid for a wrecked vehicle, the
wreck or whatever is left of it (salvage) belongs to the insurer.
You must not voluntarily assume liability (responsibility) for any accident or settle any
claim, except at your own cost.
Once your insurance company has been advised, a claims specialist – an “adjuster” –
will be assigned to look after your claim. The amount you receive for your claim will
depend on the type of coverage you bought.
What is the role of the claims adjuster?
The adjuster’s job is to determine the facts relating to the claim and the extent to which
the claim is covered by insurance. The adjuster also attempts to reach an agreement
with the other people involved regarding the amount of their loss and extent of their
responsibility. Your insurance company pays for the adjuster.
How long after an incident can I make a claim?
You must notify your insurer as soon as possible (some policies specify seven days)
about any incident involving the automobile
- that must, by law, be reported to police, or
- for which you intend to make a claim under the policy.
Most policies state that a written declaration (“proof of loss”) must be made within 90
days of the incident.
If you don’t make your claim within this time, you insurance company may not be legally
bound to honor your claim. In practice, however, most companies will honor a claim
made within one year if there is a reasonable explanation of the delay.
How are claims settled?
Claims are generally resolved in a friendly fashion through negotiation. In the unlikely
event that you intend to sue your insurer, check your contract for any time limits that
may apply.
The automobile insurance policy is a legal contract between you and your insurance
company. As with any contract, the courts have the final decision in any disagreement
between you and your company, or in any dispute between you and another person
involved in the same incident. In such cases, the court decides who is responsible and
may also decide the extent of damages to be paid. Some disputes can be resolved by
arbitration. In some jurisdictions, an ombudsman employed by the insurer or by the
insurance regulator may be able to help.
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Does your current
Insurance Company have
you feeling like you are
locked into a policy that
is not right for you? We
can help! Explore your
options at D.B. Thomas.
Insurance Company have
you feeling like you are
locked into a policy that
is not right for you? We
can help! Explore your
options at D.B. Thomas.
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